Title: Insights into Human Life Expectancy Sex Gap: Evidence from Australia.

Abstract: Since the early twenty-first century, female life expectancy has consistently exceeded that of males worldwide. In high-income countries, the sex gap in life expectancy (i.e., the difference between female and male life expectancy) reached its peak in the late twentieth century and has since diminished. Despite this reduction, significant sex differences in life expectancy persist. Understanding the factors influencing these gaps is crucial for identifying potential excess male mortality and the reasons behind females' longer life expectancy. Previous studies have examined the contributions of different age groups and causes of death to the life expectancy sex gap. This talk will present two empirical scenarios, utilising data from Australia, to explore age-and-cause-specific contributions to these gaps from a mathematical demographic perspective. We highlight within-country heterogeneity in Australia from life expectancy sex gaps for different subpopulations.